The Fukuda (1994) criteria was established to overcome inconsistency in the application of case definitions, as well as to assist in defining a distinct group of cases 2, and is now the most frequently used case definition. Prior to year 1994, many case definitions were used in research to aid in the diagnosis of this condition, thus limiting comparisons of published studies 3. Rather, diagnosis is one of disease exclusion, and is made in accordance with symptom-specific criteria 1, 2. CFS/ME has an unknown aetiology, as well as no known specific pathogenesis therefore, there is no diagnostic pathology test. Further research is warranted in homogeneous CFS/ME populations.Ĭhronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a chronic, disabling illness characterised by unexplained persistent and debilitating fatigue, and this is accompanied by a diverse but consistent set of symptoms. Studies were limited by the number of studies investigating the interventions, small sample sizes, study duration, variety of instruments used, and studies not reporting dietary intake method. This review identified insufficient evidence for the use of nutritional supplements and elimination or modified diets to relieve CFS/ME symptoms.
Improvements in fatigue were observed for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH), probiotics, high cocoa polyphenol rich chocolate, and a combination of NADH and coenzyme Q10. Many studies did not show therapeutic benefit on CFS/ME. Of these, 14 different interventions were investigated on study outcomes. Seventeen studies were included that meet the inclusion criteria. All studies on nutrition intervention were included where CFS/ME patients modified their diet or supplemented their habitual diet on patient-centred outcomes (fatigue, quality of life, physical activity and/or psychological wellbeing). Medline, Cinahl and Scopus were systematically searched from 1994 to May 2016. We reviewed and discussed the evidence for nutritional interventions that may assist in alleviating symptoms of CFS/ME. Diet modification and nutritional supplements could be used to improve patient outcomes, such fatigue and quality of life. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is characterised by unexplained fatigue for at least 6 months accompanied by a diverse but consistent set of symptoms.